With the defeat of the Pequots, the Narragansett leader Miantonomoh gathered groups of Algonquians together in the 1640s, in the hope that they could face the colonists together. The Narragansetts fought alongside the English colonists in the Pequot War and participated in the Mystic massacre, but were horrified afterwards. Prior to King Philip's War, tensions fluctuated between Native tribes and the colonists. The colonists progressively expanded throughout the territories of the several Algonquian-speaking tribes in the region. Subsequent colonists founded Salem, Boston, and many small towns around Massachusetts Bay between 16, during a time of increased English immigration. Plymouth Colony was established in 1620 with significant early help from local Natives, particularly Squanto and Massasoit. ( August 2020) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. This section needs additional citations for verification. The New England colonists faced their enemies without support from any European government or military, and this began to give them a group identity separate and distinct from Britain. King Philip's War began the development of an independent American identity. Hundreds of Wampanoags and their allies were publicly executed or enslaved, and the Wampanoags were left effectively landless. More than half of New England's towns were attacked by Natives. In the space of little more than a year, 12 of the region's towns were destroyed and many more were damaged, the economy of Plymouth and Rhode Island Colonies was all but ruined and their population was decimated, losing one-tenth of all men available for military service. The war was the greatest calamity in seventeenth-century New England and is considered by many to be the deadliest war in Colonial American history. On August 12, 1676, Metacom fled to Mount Hope, where he was killed by the militia. By the end of the war, the Wampanoags and their Narragansett allies were almost completely destroyed. However, the colonial militia overwhelmed the Native coalition. They pushed back the borders of the Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, and Rhode Island colonies, burning towns as they went, including Providence in March 1676. An estimated 600 Narragansetts were killed, and their coalition was taken over by Narragansett sachem Canonchet. They attacked and burned Native villages throughout Rhode Island territory, culminating with the attack on the Narragansetts' main fort in the Great Swamp Fight. Governor Josiah Winslow marshaled them to attack the Narragansetts in November 1675. The colonies assembled the largest army New England had yet mustered, consisting of 1,000 militia and 150 Native allies. The Narragansetts remained neutral, but some Narragansetts participated in raids of colonial strongholds and militia, so colonial leaders deemed them to be in violation of peace treaties. Native raiding parties attacked homesteads and villages throughout Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Maine over the next six months, and the colonial militia retaliated.
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The colonists insisted that the 1671 peace agreement should include the surrender of Native guns then three Wampanoags were hanged in Plymouth Colony in 1675 for the murder of another Wampanoag, which increased tensions. Metacom, however, forsook his father's alliance between the Wampanoags and the colonists after repeated violations by the colonists. 1638–1676), his younger son, became tribal chief in 1662 after Massasoit's death. Massasoit had maintained a long-standing alliance with the colonists.
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The war continued in the most northern reaches of New England until the signing of the Treaty of Casco Bay in April 1678.
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The war is named for Metacom, the Wampanoag chief who adopted the name Philip because of the friendly relations between his father Massasoit and the Mayflower Pilgrims. King Philip's War (sometimes called the First Indian War, Metacom's War, Metacomet's War, Pometacomet's Rebellion, or Metacom's Rebellion) was an armed conflict in 1675–1678 between indigenous inhabitants of New England and New England colonists and their indigenous allies.